@prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix prov: . @prefix pr: . ################################################################# # PERNOD RICARD DATA META MODEL - T-Box v1.1 # Owner: Bastien Gourdon - Data Governance Office # # WHAT CHANGED vs v1.0 # -------------------- # A. RELATIONS SIMPLIFIED AND GIVEN HONEST NAMES # belongsToDomain + belongsToSubDomain -> belongsTo (one property, # scoped per class by SHACL; reusable if a domain family appears). # implements -> represents # composedOf -> aboutConcept (exactly 1, the # subject) + usesConcept (0..n, notions needed to read the object). # composedOf carried three different meanings depending on the object # (dependency, subject, part-whole); that vagueness is what let BR-004 # be satisfied with padding in v0.6. # # B. represents WORKS AT TWO GRANULARITIES # DataObject represents BusinessObject # DataElement represents BusinessConcept # Same relation -- "this logical artefact is the data-side counterpart of # that business notion" -- at two levels of detail. # A Data Element reaches business meaning by EXACTLY ONE of two routes: # dimensional -> represents a BusinessConcept # measure -> is computedBy a Metric, which measures the Concept # Never both, never neither. Enforced by sh:xone. # # C. STEWARDSHIP DECLARED ONCE, INHERITED EVERYWHERE # monitoredBy sits on BusinessObject only (plus DataProduct, which # spans several Business Objects and cannot inherit). Data Objects and # Data Elements inherit through represents / hasElement. Declaring a # steward at several levels means two answers to "who watches this # column". BusinessObject therefore STAYS in the Ownership layer: it is # the single anchor of accountability, which is what that layer is for. # owningDomain is the exception: inherited by default, but re-declarable # on a Data Element, because OW-002 attributes an element to the domain # that defines its rule. A DE that re-declares is a borrowed element -- # a signal to check against its represents, not an anomaly. # # D. BUSINESS MEANING LIVES IN ONE PLACE # hasBusinessDefinition is removed from BusinessObject. Meaning belongs to # the BusinessConcept; a Business Object gets its meaning through # aboutConcept. Two definitions for one notion are two definitions free to # diverge. # # E. GRAIN MOVED OFF THE METRIC # hasGrainDimension (Metric -> DataObject) and hasGranularity are gone. # Grain is a property of a DATASET, not of a calculation rule: a Metric # has no rows. hasGrainElement (DataObject -> DataElement) replaces them # and is CHECKABLE against the harvested PrimaryKey. A Metric's grain # becomes derivable from where it lands. # # F. DELIVERY IS ITS OWN LAYER # DataProduct / DataInterface / DataContract answer "what do we promise, # to whom, until when" -- a different question from "how is it # structured". DataAsset is renamed DataInterface and redefined as the # CHANNEL through which a consumer actually gets data (a Snowflake share # or grant, a file extract, an API), which is verifiable, rather than # "directly consumable by a business user", which was a judgement call and # produced zero instances in a year. # Every Data Product is operated by exactly one Sub-Domain and has exactly # one Product Owner: it is a consumable, and there must be no ambiguity # about who runs it. # # G. realizesMetric KEPT AS A TRANSITIONAL CONTROL # Declared, required on certified BI fields, and that is all. No rule is # written against the lineage chain: making the assertion conditional on # intermediate mappings existing would create confusion and discourage # people from filling it in at all. # # Deprecated terms are kept, never deleted (LC-002): existing assertions keep # classifying, and the migration can be staged. # # WHAT CHANGED vs v0.9.2 (kept for reference) # ------------------------------------------- # 1. TERM NAMESPACE IS NOW VERSION-INDEPENDENT. # Terms live at .../metamodel/ (no version segment). # The VERSION lives in owl:versionIRI only. # Rationale: in v0.9 the version was baked into every term IRI, so every # minor release invalidated the whole A-Box. W3C-recommended pattern is to # freeze the term namespace and version the ontology document. # MIGRATION: sed -i 's|/metamodel/0.9/|/metamodel/|g' instances/*.ttl # # 2. NEW ORTHOGONAL AXIS: CuratedObject vs ObservedObject. # LAYER says WHAT an object is. PROVENANCE says HOW IT GOT HERE. # - CuratedObject : asserted by governance, edited via pull request, # subject to the full ownership shape. # - ObservedObject: harvested from a running system, rebuilt every night, # NEVER hand-edited, NOT required to carry owningDomain. # Without this split, the SHACL ownership shape would demand an owning Data # Domain and a named owner on every one of the ~50 000 Snowflake columns. # # 3. PHYSICAL LAYER ACTUALLY MODELLED (was declared, never instantiable). # System / Database / Schema / PhysicalRelation / Field / KeyConstraint / # Transformation, plus column-level lineage (derivedFrom). # # 4. NEW CONSUMPTION LAYER (Tableau + Looker). # BIWorkspace / BIDataSource / BIField / BIReport, plus realizesMetric, # which closes the loop between a certified Metric and its actual # implementations in the BI estate. # # 5. BRIDGE TO CONCEPTUAL ONTOLOGIES: denotes / denotesProperty / # denotesActivity. Declared now, left empty. Annotation properties, not # object properties, to stay in OWL 2 DL without punning. # # 6. FIXES: composedOf/describes false inverse; hasField/livesIn inverse # declared; string-typed source system and grain replaced by real # references; deprecations recorded rather than deleted (LC-002). ################################################################# a owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:priorVersion ; dcterms:title "Pernod Ricard Data Meta Model" ; dcterms:creator "Bastien Gourdon" ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-26"^^xsd:date ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-draft-2026-07-26" ; rdfs:comment """OWL T-Box. Six layers (Ownership, Business, Logical, Delivery, Physical, Consumption) crossed with a provenance axis (Curated vs Observed). Curated objects are asserted by governance and reviewed; Observed objects are harvested from Snowflake, Tableau and Looker and are rebuilt, never edited. Bridge annotation properties are declared for future alignment with domain ontologies.""" . ################################################################# # ANNOTATION PROPERTIES ################################################################# # ---- Bridge to conceptual (domain) ontologies ----------------- # A meta model instance is a DOCUMENTATION RECORD about a concept. # A domain ontology holds the CONCEPT ITSELF, axiomatised. # "Customer Invoice" is an INSTANCE of pr:BusinessObject here, # and a CLASS (fin:Invoice) there. These three properties join the two. # Annotation properties (not object properties) so that pointing an # individual at a class stays inside OWL 2 DL without punning. pr:denotes a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "denotes" ; rdfs:comment "Links a documentation record (Business Object, Business Concept, Data Object) to the CLASS it describes in a domain ontology. Example: ex:BO_16_03_001 pr:denotes fin:Invoice ." . pr:denotesProperty a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "denotes property" ; rdfs:comment "Links a Data Element or Business Concept to the PROPERTY it describes in a domain ontology. Example: ex:DE_16_03_0001 pr:denotesProperty fin:netAmount ." . pr:denotesActivity a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "denotes activity" ; rdfs:comment "Links a Metric or Business Object to the PROCESS or EVENT it describes, typically a prov:Activity subclass. Example: ex:M_16_03_001 pr:denotesActivity fin:InvoiceIssuance ." . # ---- Operational documentation -------------------------------- pr:harvestSource a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "harvest source" ; rdfs:comment "For Observed terms: the system view or API that populates this term. Documents the contract between the meta model and the harvester." . pr:curationMode a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "curation mode" ; rdfs:comment "ASSERTED (governance writes it), HARVESTED (a job writes it) or PROPOSED_CONFIRMED (a job proposes, a steward confirms)." . ################################################################# # ROOTS - layer axis x provenance axis ################################################################# pr:MetaModelObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Meta Model Object" ; rdfs:comment "Anything the meta model describes. Actors are deliberately NOT Meta Model Objects." . pr:CuratedObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:MetaModelObject ; rdfs:label "Curated Object" ; pr:curationMode "ASSERTED" ; rdfs:comment "Asserted by governance, edited through pull request on the domain TTL file, subject to the full ownership and lifecycle shape (identifier, name, owner, owning Data Domain, status, version)." . pr:ObservedObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:MetaModelObject ; rdfs:label "Observed Object" ; pr:curationMode "HARVESTED" ; rdfs:comment "Harvested from a running system and rebuilt on every run. Never hand-edited. Carries sourceIdentifier, fullyQualifiedName and harvestedOn instead of curated ownership: attribution is INFERRED through the Data Element it is mapped to, not asserted on the node." . pr:OwnershipLayerObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:CuratedObject ; rdfs:label "Ownership & Categorization Layer Object" . pr:BusinessLayerObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:CuratedObject ; rdfs:label "Business Layer Object" . pr:LogicalLayerObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:CuratedObject ; rdfs:label "Logical Layer Object" ; rdfs:comment "How the data is structured." . pr:DeliveryLayerObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:CuratedObject ; rdfs:label "Delivery Layer Object" ; rdfs:comment "What we promise, to whom, until when. A different question from how the data is structured, hence a layer of its own: version, owner, changelog, support channel, consumers to warn." . pr:PhysicalLayerObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:ObservedObject ; rdfs:label "Physical Layer Object" . pr:ConsumptionLayerObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:ObservedObject ; rdfs:label "Consumption Layer Object" ; rdfs:comment "The BI estate. Separate from Physical because BI assets have their own lifecycle and their own owner: a dashboard belongs to its author, not to the Data Domain that owns the underlying data." . ################################################################# # LAYER 1 - OWNERSHIP & CATEGORIZATION (curated) ################################################################# pr:DataDomain a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:OwnershipLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Data Domain" . pr:SubDomain a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:OwnershipLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Sub-Domain" . pr:BusinessObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:OwnershipLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Business Object" ; rdfs:comment "The single anchor of accountability, which is why it stays in the Ownership layer: it is the one object where a steward is declared, and Data Objects and Data Elements inherit from it. It carries NO business definition of its own -- its meaning comes from its aboutConcept. What it does carry is a perimeter: the subject it is about, and the notions needed to read it." . ################################################################# # LAYER 2 - BUSINESS (curated) ################################################################# pr:BusinessConcept a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:BusinessLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Business Concept" ; rdfs:comment "A shared business notion WITHOUT a formula. The presence of a formula is the sole discriminator against Metric (rule BR-003)." . pr:Metric a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:BusinessLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Metric" ; rdfs:comment "A quantifiable measurement WITH a formula, a unit and a grain. Under BR-013 a Metric carries the harmonised CALCULATION RULE; variants that differ only by analysis context are Data Elements linked back via computedBy." . pr:KPI a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:Metric ; rdfs:label "Key Performance Indicator" ; rdfs:comment "An elevated Metric. Use this class rather than the deprecated isKPI flag." . ################################################################# # LAYER 3 - LOGICAL (curated) ################################################################# pr:DataObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:LogicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Data Object" ; rdfs:comment "The pivot: represents exactly one Business Object, is composed of Data Elements, and is materialized as one or more Physical Relations. The single junction between governance and technology." . pr:DataElement a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:LogicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Data Element" ; pr:curationMode "PROPOSED_CONFIRMED" ; rdfs:comment "The finest curated unit. Its mapping to a physical Field is the ONLY place where the curated graph and the observed graph meet: proposed automatically by name and type matching, confirmed by a Data Steward." . pr:DataAsset a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:LogicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Data Asset (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:DataInterface ; rdfs:comment "v1.0 term, defined as 'directly consumable by a business user' -- a judgement, not a structural test, which is why it collected zero instances in a year. Use DataInterface." . ################################################################# # LAYER 4 - DELIVERY (curated) ################################################################# pr:DataProduct a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:DeliveryLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Data Product" ; rdfs:comment "The unit of delivery: what carries a version number, an owner, a changelog, a support channel and a list of consumers to warn. It has no single technical counterpart, and should not: physically it often lands on a Snowflake schema or a dbt project, but that is not what defines it. Operated by exactly one Sub-Domain -- it is a consumable, and there must be no ambiguity about who runs it. Candidate alignment: dcat:Dataset / DPROD." . pr:DataInterface a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:DeliveryLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Data Interface" ; rdfs:comment "The channel through which a consumer actually gets the data: a Snowflake secure share or listing, a consumption schema with its grants, a file extract to a panel partner, an API or reverse-ETL feed. Not a Data Object (that is structure) and not a BI Data Source (that is one consumer among others). Verifiable: a grant, a share or an endpoint either exists or it does not. The output port in data-mesh terms." . pr:DataContract a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:DeliveryLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Data Contract" ; rdfs:comment "The service commitment attached to a Data Product: schema, freshness, quality thresholds, support, breaking-change notice period. Candidate alignment: ODCS (Bitol)." . ################################################################# # LAYER 5 - PHYSICAL (observed) ################################################################# pr:System a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "System" ; pr:harvestSource "Manually seeded once, then referenced. Replaces the free-text hasSourceSystem." ; rdfs:comment "A real system: Snowflake, MDM Product, MDM Customer, a panel provider feed, Tableau Server, Looker. Making this a node rather than a string is what makes 'what depends on MDM Product?' answerable." . pr:Database a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Database" ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DATABASES" . pr:Schema a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Schema" ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA" . pr:PhysicalRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Physical Relation" ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" ; rdfs:comment "Abstract parent of everything with columns. Specialised because impact traversal differs by kind: a View propagates impact to whatever it reads." . pr:BaseTable a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:label "Base Table" . pr:View a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:label "View" ; rdfs:comment "Depends on other relations through dependsOn, so impact is transitive." . pr:MaterializedView a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:label "Materialized View" . pr:ExternalTable a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:label "External Table" ; rdfs:comment "Backed by files outside the warehouse. Marks the boundary where lineage leaves Snowflake." . pr:Table a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:label "Table (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:BaseTable ; rdfs:comment "v0.9 term. Kept so that existing assertions still classify. Use BaseTable." . pr:Field a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Field" ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS" ; rdfs:comment "A physical column. The anchor of impact analysis: everything upstream reaches a Field, everything downstream starts from one." . pr:KeyConstraint a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalLayerObject ; rdfs:label "Key Constraint" ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS + KEY_COLUMN_USAGE" ; rdfs:comment "Gives foreign keys a home. Rule OW-006 says an FK is not a Data Element - true, but it still needs somewhere to live, and it lets the asserted DataObject-references-DataObject edge be checked against reality." . pr:PrimaryKey a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:KeyConstraint ; rdfs:label "Primary Key" . pr:ForeignKeyConstraint a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:KeyConstraint ; rdfs:label "Foreign Key Constraint" . pr:Transformation a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:PhysicalLayerObject , prov:Activity ; rdfs:label "Transformation" ; pr:harvestSource "dbt manifest.json, Snowflake TASKS, Azure Data Factory pipelines" ; rdfs:comment "The code that turns inputs into outputs: a dbt model, a Snowflake task, an ADF pipeline. Subclass of prov:Activity so that lineage is expressed in a standard vocabulary rather than a private one." . ################################################################# # LAYER 6 - CONSUMPTION (observed) ################################################################# pr:BIWorkspace a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:ConsumptionLayerObject ; rdfs:label "BI Workspace" ; pr:harvestSource "Tableau Metadata API (Project/Site) ; Looker API (Model)" . pr:BIDataSource a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:ConsumptionLayerObject ; rdfs:label "BI Data Source" ; pr:harvestSource "Tableau Published Datasource ; Looker Explore" ; rdfs:comment "The semantic surface a report is built on. This is where BI meets the warehouse." . pr:BIField a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:ConsumptionLayerObject ; rdfs:label "BI Field" ; pr:harvestSource "Tableau calculated fields ; LookML measures and dimensions" ; rdfs:comment "A field as a business user sees it. realizesMetric is what turns a certified Metric from a definition on paper into something measurable against the real BI estate." . pr:BIReport a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:ConsumptionLayerObject ; rdfs:label "BI Report" ; pr:harvestSource "Tableau Workbook/Sheet ; Looker Look/Dashboard" ; rdfs:comment "What a Data Governance Lead actually cares about in an impact analysis: not that a column changed, but which reports break and who to warn." . ################################################################# # ACTORS (outside MetaModelObject on purpose) ################################################################# pr:Actor a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Actor" ; rdfs:comment "A person or a team. Deliberately NOT a MetaModelObject: people are not subject to ownership and lifecycle rules." . pr:DataDomainOwner a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:Actor ; rdfs:label "Data Domain Owner" ; rdfs:comment "Accountable for a Data Domain. Exactly one per domain." . pr:SubDomainOwner a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:Actor ; rdfs:label "Sub-Domain Owner" ; rdfs:comment "Accountable for a Sub-Domain. Exactly one per sub-domain." . pr:DataGovernanceLead a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:Actor ; rdfs:label "Data Governance Lead" ; pr:hasAcronym "DGL" ; rdfs:comment "Runs governance for a Data Domain. The acronym belongs in hasAcronym, not in the label (rule NR-005)." . pr:DataProductOwner a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:Actor ; rdfs:label "Data Product Owner" ; rdfs:comment "Runs a Data Product day to day: releases, changelog, support, consumer communication. Belongs to the Sub-Domain that operates the product." . pr:DataSteward a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf pr:Actor ; rdfs:label "Data Steward" ; rdfs:comment "Monitors a Business Object. Declared there and nowhere else: Data Objects and Data Elements inherit their steward, so that no column can ever have two answers to 'who watches this'." . ################################################################# # CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES ################################################################# pr:ActivationStatus a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Activation Status" . pr:NotActivated a pr:ActivationStatus ; rdfs:label "Not Activated" . pr:LightActivation a pr:ActivationStatus ; rdfs:label "Light Activation" . pr:FullActivation a pr:ActivationStatus ; rdfs:label "Full Activation" . pr:Environment a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Environment" ; rdfs:comment "Same logical object, several physical incarnations. Kept as a vocabulary rather than folded into the name so that DEV drift never pollutes PROD lineage." . pr:Development a pr:Environment ; rdfs:label "Development" . pr:UserAcceptance a pr:Environment ; rdfs:label "User Acceptance" . pr:Production a pr:Environment ; rdfs:label "Production" . pr:SystemType a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "System Type" . pr:SourceApplication a pr:SystemType ; rdfs:label "Source Application" . pr:MasterDataSystem a pr:SystemType ; rdfs:label "Master Data System" . pr:DataPlatform a pr:SystemType ; rdfs:label "Data Platform" . pr:BITool a pr:SystemType ; rdfs:label "BI Tool" . pr:ExternalProvider a pr:SystemType ; rdfs:label "External Provider" . ################################################################# # OBJECT PROPERTIES - Ownership & Business ################################################################# pr:belongsTo a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "belongs to" ; rdfs:comment "Position in the categorization tree. One property for the whole tree: SubDomain belongs to DataDomain, BusinessObject belongs to SubDomain. Scope is enforced per class by SHACL rather than by two near-identical properties, and the same relation will serve if a domain family ever appears. Deliberately NOT transitive: entailment would produce two values and break the maxCount 1 shape. To walk the ancestry, use the property path belongsTo+ in the query." . pr:belongsToDomain a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "belongs to domain (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:belongsTo . pr:belongsToSubDomain a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "belongs to sub-domain (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:belongsTo . pr:aboutConcept a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "is about" ; rdfs:domain pr:BusinessObject ; rdfs:range pr:BusinessConcept ; rdfs:comment "The single subject of this Business Object, and where its meaning comes from -- a Business Object carries no definition of its own. Exactly one. If the subject cannot be named, the object is not scoped, and that is the most useful thing the rule can tell you. Replaces the 3..10 minimum of BR-004, which was satisfied in v0.6 by attaching unrelated concepts." . pr:usesConcept a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses concept" ; rdfs:domain pr:BusinessObject ; rdfs:range pr:BusinessConcept ; rdfs:comment "The other notions required to read this object correctly. Zero or more, and zero is a legitimate answer." . pr:composedOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "composed of (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:usesConcept ; rdfs:comment "Carried three different meanings depending on the object: dependency (Sell Out Volume), subject (Retailer Stock), part-whole (Calendar). One word for three relations is what allowed the v0.6 padding. Split into aboutConcept and usesConcept." . pr:isComponentOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is component of (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:usesConcept . pr:describes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "describes (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:isComponentOf ; rdfs:comment "Removed as a genuine relation. Its only use was as a false inverse of composedOf." . pr:hasMetric a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has metric" ; rdfs:domain pr:BusinessObject ; rdfs:range pr:Metric . pr:measures a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "measures" ; rdfs:domain pr:Metric ; rdfs:range pr:BusinessConcept . pr:hasGrainElement a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has grain element" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataObject ; rdfs:range pr:DataElement ; rdfs:comment "The elements whose combination makes a row unique. Grain belongs to a DATASET, not to a calculation rule: a Metric has no rows, so it cannot have a grain of its own -- its grain is derivable from the Data Objects it lands in. Stated at element level rather than object level because it is then CHECKABLE against the harvested PrimaryKey: a declared grain that does not match the real key is an automatic finding." . pr:hasGrainDimension a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has grain dimension (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:hasGrainElement ; rdfs:comment "Put grain on the Metric, which confounded a declarative statement with a structural fact. See hasGrainElement." . pr:computedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasDerivedFrom ; rdfs:label "computed by" ; rdfs:domain pr:Metric ; rdfs:range pr:DataElement ; rdfs:comment "BR-013. Links a mother Metric to the granular Data Elements that implement it in a given analysis context (period, promo status, scope, unit, currency)." . ################################################################# # OBJECT PROPERTIES - Logical ################################################################# pr:represents a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "represents" ; rdfs:comment """The business notion a logical artefact is the data-side counterpart of. One relation at two granularities: DataObject represents BusinessObject (exactly one -- the pivot, BR-006) DataElement represents BusinessConcept (at most one) Renamed from 'implements', which carried software-engineering baggage: a Data Object does not implement a Business Object the way a class implements an interface. Range is deliberately left open and scoped by SHACL per class, because the two uses have different targets. A Data Element uses this ONLY when it is dimensional. A measure element reaches meaning through Metric -> computedBy, which says more: it names WHICH metric the meaning travels through. Never both routes on one element. Functional at DataObject level only -- not declared owl:FunctionalProperty here, since a single global cardinality would be wrong for one of the two uses.""" . pr:implements a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "implements (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:represents . pr:hasElement a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has element" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataObject ; rdfs:range pr:DataElement . pr:references a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "references" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataObject ; rdfs:range pr:DataObject ; rdfs:comment "Foreign-key reference between Data Objects. NOT ownership. Now checkable against the harvested ForeignKeyConstraint objects." . ################################################################# # OBJECT PROPERTIES - Delivery ################################################################# pr:packages a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "packages" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataProduct ; rdfs:range pr:DataObject ; rdfs:comment "The scope of the product. Through these Data Objects and their represents, the Business Objects a product makes available are derivable -- which is why a product needs no direct link to a Business Object." . pr:exposes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "exposes" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataProduct ; rdfs:range pr:DataInterface ; rdfs:comment "The channels through which the product is actually consumed." . pr:servedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "served by" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataInterface ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:comment "What physically backs the interface: the shared relations, the extract source." . pr:governedBy a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "governed by" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataProduct ; rdfs:range pr:DataContract . pr:operatedBy a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "operated by" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataProduct ; rdfs:range pr:SubDomain ; rdfs:comment "The single Sub-Domain that runs this product. A Data Product spans several Business Objects and therefore cannot inherit accountability the way a Data Object does -- so it declares its own, and exactly one. It is a consumable: there must be no ambiguity about who runs it." . pr:hasProductOwner a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has product owner" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataProduct ; rdfs:range pr:DataProductOwner ; rdfs:comment "Exactly one. Belongs to the operating Sub-Domain -- checkable, not just conventional." . pr:usesDataObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses Data Object (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:packages . ################################################################# # OBJECT PROPERTIES - the curated / observed seam # These two are the ONLY edges crossing from asserted to harvested. # Everything else is either pure governance or pure machine. ################################################################# pr:materializedAs a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "materialized as" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataObject ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation ; pr:curationMode "PROPOSED_CONFIRMED" ; rdfs:comment "Data Object to physical relation. Not functional: the same Data Object exists in DEV, UAT and PROD, and sometimes across several tables." . pr:physicalizedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "physicalized in" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataElement ; rdfs:range pr:Field ; pr:curationMode "PROPOSED_CONFIRMED" ; rdfs:comment "Data Element to physical column, 1..n. Proposed by the reconciliation job on fullyQualifiedName and type, confirmed by a Data Steward. This single edge is what makes end-to-end impact analysis possible." . ################################################################# # OBJECT PROPERTIES - Physical ################################################################# pr:sourcedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "sourced from" ; rdfs:range pr:System ; rdfs:comment "Replaces the free-text hasSourceSystem. Domain deliberately omitted: applies to Data Elements, Physical Relations and BI Data Sources alike." . pr:hasSystemType a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has system type" ; rdfs:domain pr:System ; rdfs:range pr:SystemType . pr:hostedOn a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "hosted on" ; rdfs:domain pr:Database ; rdfs:range pr:System . pr:inDatabase a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "in database" ; rdfs:domain pr:Schema ; rdfs:range pr:Database . pr:inSchema a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "in schema" ; rdfs:domain pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:range pr:Schema . pr:hasField a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has field" ; rdfs:domain pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:range pr:Field ; owl:inverseOf pr:livesIn ; rdfs:comment "Domain widened from Table to PhysicalRelation so that views and external tables carry columns too. Inverse now declared - in v0.9 hasField and livesIn were inverses in fact but not in the model, so they were free to diverge." . pr:livesIn a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "lives in" ; rdfs:domain pr:Field ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation . pr:deployedIn a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "deployed in" ; rdfs:domain pr:ObservedObject ; rdfs:range pr:Environment . pr:constrainsRelation a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "constrains relation" ; rdfs:domain pr:KeyConstraint ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation . pr:constrainsField a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "constrains field" ; rdfs:domain pr:KeyConstraint ; rdfs:range pr:Field ; rdfs:comment "Several fields for a composite key." . pr:fromField a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "from field" ; rdfs:domain pr:ForeignKeyConstraint ; rdfs:range pr:Field . pr:toField a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "to field" ; rdfs:domain pr:ForeignKeyConstraint ; rdfs:range pr:Field . pr:consumes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:used ; rdfs:label "consumes" ; rdfs:domain pr:Transformation ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation . pr:produces a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "produces" ; rdfs:domain pr:Transformation ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation . pr:dependsOn a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:label "depends on" ; rdfs:domain pr:PhysicalRelation ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.OBJECT_DEPENDENCIES" ; rdfs:comment "Relation-level dependency, view to table. Transitive by nature; in practice compute the closure at query time in Snowflake rather than materialising it with a reasoner." . pr:derivedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasDerivedFrom ; rdfs:label "derived from" ; rdfs:domain pr:Field ; rdfs:range pr:Field ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.ACCESS_HISTORY (column lineage) ; dbt manifest" ; rdfs:comment "Column-to-column lineage. The single highest-value edge in the model, and largely free: Snowflake already computes it." . ################################################################# # OBJECT PROPERTIES - Consumption ################################################################# pr:inWorkspace a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "in workspace" ; rdfs:domain pr:ConsumptionLayerObject ; rdfs:range pr:BIWorkspace . pr:biConsumes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "BI consumes" ; rdfs:domain pr:BIDataSource ; rdfs:range pr:PhysicalRelation ; pr:harvestSource "Tableau Metadata API (GraphQL) ; Looker Explore SQL" . pr:hasBIField a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has BI field" ; rdfs:domain pr:BIDataSource ; rdfs:range pr:BIField ; owl:inverseOf pr:inBIDataSource . pr:inBIDataSource a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "in BI data source" ; rdfs:domain pr:BIField ; rdfs:range pr:BIDataSource . pr:biDerivedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasDerivedFrom ; rdfs:label "BI derived from" ; rdfs:domain pr:BIField ; rdfs:range pr:Field ; rdfs:comment "Closes the last gap in the impact chain: from a dashboard field back to the warehouse column." . pr:realizesMetric a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "realizes metric" ; rdfs:domain pr:BIField ; rdfs:range pr:Metric ; pr:curationMode "PROPOSED_CONFIRMED" ; rdfs:comment """The harmonisation measure: how many distinct BI Fields realize one certified Metric, and do their expressions agree. Turns 'we harmonised the definitions' from a claim into a count over the real BI estate. In principle this is derivable from the lineage chain Metric -> DataElement -> Field -> BIField, since lineage carries semantic inheritance. In practice that chain will have holes -- four hops, one of them PROPOSED_CONFIRMED, another harvested from an API that does not resolve custom SQL, extracts or cascaded calculated fields -- and the question it answers is too important to depend on them. So: TRANSITIONAL CONTROL. Asserted directly, and that is all. No rule is written against the lineage chain: making the assertion conditional on intermediate mappings would create confusion and discourage people from filling it in. Retirement criterion, to be measured rather than debated: when the lineage chain reproduces the asserted link for more than 95% of certified BI fields across three consecutive reconciliation cycles, the direct link is derivable and can go.""" . pr:usesBIDataSource a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses BI data source" ; rdfs:domain pr:BIReport ; rdfs:range pr:BIDataSource . pr:hasBIOwner a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has BI owner" ; rdfs:domain pr:ConsumptionLayerObject ; rdfs:range pr:Actor ; rdfs:comment "The author or publisher. This is who gets notified by an impact analysis, and it is NOT the Data Domain owner." . ################################################################# # OBJECT PROPERTIES - Ownership (universal: domain omitted on purpose) ################################################################# pr:ownedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "owned by" ; rdfs:range pr:Actor . pr:owningDomain a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "owning Data Domain" ; rdfs:range pr:DataDomain ; rdfs:comment """The single Data Domain with authority to define the object's rule. Absent on Observed Objects: a Snowflake column is attributed through the Data Element mapped to it, never asserted directly. Unlike the steward, this one is RE-DECLARABLE on a Data Element. It is inherited by default from the parent chain, but OW-002 attributes an element to the domain that defines its RULE, and a borrowed element -- Brand Code sitting in a Sell Out fact object -- has its rule elsewhere. A Data Element whose owningDomain differs from its parent's is a borrowed element: a signal to check against its represents, not an anomaly to fix.""" . pr:monitoredBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "monitored by" ; rdfs:range pr:DataSteward ; rdfs:comment """Declared on BusinessObject, and on DataProduct, and NOWHERE ELSE. Data Objects inherit through represents, Data Elements through hasElement. Declaring a steward at several levels would allow two answers to 'who watches this column'. Says what the steward DOES, where the deprecated hasSteward only stated a membership. DataProduct is the one exception to inheritance: it packages Data Objects belonging to several Business Objects, so it cannot inherit a single steward and declares its own.""" . pr:hasSteward a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has Data Steward (deprecated)" ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:monitoredBy . pr:hasDGL a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has DGL" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataDomain ; rdfs:range pr:DataGovernanceLead . pr:hasDomainOwner a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has domain owner" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataDomain ; rdfs:range pr:DataDomainOwner . pr:hasSubDomainOwner a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has sub-domain owner" ; rdfs:domain pr:SubDomain ; rdfs:range pr:SubDomainOwner . pr:hasActivationStatus a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "activation status" ; rdfs:domain pr:DataDomain ; rdfs:range pr:ActivationStatus . ################################################################# # DATATYPE PROPERTIES - identity & lifecycle (domain omitted) ################################################################# pr:hasIdentifier a owl:DatatypeProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "identifier" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasName a owl:DatatypeProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "canonical name" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasStatus a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "status" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasVersion a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "version" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:createdOn a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "created on" ; rdfs:range xsd:date . pr:lastReviewedOn a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "last reviewed on" ; rdfs:range xsd:date . pr:hasSource a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "back-doc source" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:arbitrationStatus a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "arbitration status" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "TO_ARBITRATE blocks publication (OW-007). Use this on the object rather than tracking arbitration in a side spreadsheet." . # ---- Business semantics pr:hasBusinessDefinition a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "business definition" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """The meaning of a business notion. Belongs to the BusinessConcept. MUST NOT be carried by a BusinessObject: an object gets its meaning through aboutConcept. Two definitions for one notion are two definitions free to diverge. Enforced by SHACL rather than by rdfs:domain, because Data Elements legitimately carry one too and a declared domain would make them entail BusinessConcept -- which the disjointness axioms would then reject. MIGRATION: text currently on a Business Object moves to the Concept named by its aboutConcept.""" . pr:hasTechnicalDefinition a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "technical definition" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasAcronym a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "acronym" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasSynonym a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "synonym" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasBusinessRule a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "business rule" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . # ---- Metric pr:hasFormula a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "formula" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasUnit a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "unit" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "From the Units LoV. Note the LoV currently mixes physical units, currencies (ISO 4217) and value types (Index, Rate, Count) - three different concepts that should eventually be split." . pr:hasGranularity a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "granularity (deprecated)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:hasGrainElement ; rdfs:comment "Free-text grain label on a Metric, e.g. 'SKU x Customer x Day'. Kept a second, unverifiable copy of something now stated structurally on the Data Object. Grain is a property of a dataset, not of a calculation rule." . pr:hasTimeAggregation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "time aggregation" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:isKPI a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "is KPI (deprecated)" ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:KPI ; rdfs:comment "Duplicated the KPI class. Two ways to say the same thing are two ways to diverge." . # ---- Data Element pr:hasFormat a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "logical format" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasExampleValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "example value" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasSourceSystem a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "source system (deprecated)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:sourcedFrom ; rdfs:comment "Free text. 'Which objects depend on MDM Product?' was unanswerable because MDM Product was a string, not a node." . pr:hasSchemaName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "schema name (deprecated)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; owl:deprecated true ; dcterms:isReplacedBy pr:Schema . # ---- Physical identity (the join keys with the real warehouse) pr:physicalName a owl:DatatypeProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "physical name" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "Recorded verbatim, never altered (NR-009). Must NOT be carried by a Metric - that is a layer leak; under BR-013 the physical name belongs on the Data Element." . pr:fullyQualifiedName a owl:DatatypeProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "fully qualified name" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "DATABASE.SCHEMA.RELATION[.COLUMN]. The actual join key against INFORMATION_SCHEMA: a bare physical name is ambiguous as soon as the same column name exists in two tables." . pr:sourceIdentifier a owl:DatatypeProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "source identifier" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "Native immutable id in the source system (Snowflake object id, Tableau LUID, Looker id). Makes reconciliation idempotent and survives renames, which names do not." . pr:harvestedOn a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "harvested on" ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:comment "Staleness marker. An Observed Object not refreshed by the last run is a deletion candidate, not a fact." . pr:hasPhysicalDataType a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "physical data type" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:isNullable a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "is nullable" ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean . pr:ordinalPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "ordinal position" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer . pr:hasViewDefinition a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "view definition" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:hasVendor a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "vendor" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . pr:definedBy a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "defined by (code URI)" ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ; rdfs:comment "Git URI of the code behind a Transformation. Connects the graph to the repository." . # ---- Usage evidence (the rationalisation argument) pr:approximateRowCount a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "approximate row count" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer . pr:lastQueriedOn a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "last queried on" ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; pr:harvestSource "SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.ACCESS_HISTORY" ; rdfs:comment "Lets the model say 'documented but unused for eight months'. A rationalisation argument that costs nothing and is denominated in warehouse spend." . pr:queryCount30d a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "query count (30 days)" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer . # ---- BI pr:hasExpression a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "BI expression" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "The calculated-field formula, Tableau or LookML. Compared against the Metric formula to detect definition drift." . ################################################################# # DISJOINTNESS ################################################################# [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pr:CuratedObject pr:ObservedObject ) . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pr:OwnershipLayerObject pr:BusinessLayerObject pr:LogicalLayerObject pr:DeliveryLayerObject pr:PhysicalLayerObject pr:ConsumptionLayerObject ) . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pr:BusinessObject pr:DataObject pr:DataInterface pr:DataProduct ) . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pr:BusinessConcept pr:Metric ) . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pr:BaseTable pr:View pr:MaterializedView pr:ExternalTable ) . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pr:PrimaryKey pr:ForeignKeyConstraint ) . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( pr:BIWorkspace pr:BIDataSource pr:BIField pr:BIReport ) .